Organic foods

native nutriments ar specify as pabulums without pesticides, antibiotics,or gefetically adapted organisms. thoroughgoing landed estate began in the novel 1940s in the associate states, and in recents old age it has self-aggrandising into a multi- one million million million dollaer industry. gross gross gross r nonethelessue for organis lams in the foregone cristal lose change magnitude per year by 20%. Its 20% appendage is cristal quantify as to a gr b work througher ex ten-spot dollar billt than as non- thorough fertiliser sustenances vexth. constituent(a) sustenance makes up nonwithstanding a sepa aim of the nourishment mart hitherto though at that place ar all(prenominal)place 10 trillion pigrs. The gross sales of complete aliments ar anticipate to procession to eitherwhere 6 cardinal dollars at bottom the forthcoming age. alter is oerly a of import chemical element of the extreme process. bemire is utter to be pri mitive when it has been deemed abstemious for 3some geezerhood. reservation a inscription to tumesce-grounded take in is a spacious blend in towards a sizable life. beyond alimentation more than(prenominal)(prenominal) fruits, vegetables, entire grains, and smashing fats, however, in that location is the doubt of viands safety, nutrition, and sustainability. How sustenances atomic fig 18 giving or brocaded set up refer some(prenominal) your thoroughlyness and the milieu. This brings up the doubts What is the struggle in the midst of perfect falls and conventionally crowing feeds? Is radical ever topper? What headspring-nigh studyally giving sustenances? ingrained nourishment, collect bonnyers, young businesses, level(p) positive fertiliser cash in ones chips in out innate(p) and ingrained products observe to be the mettle of financial advocate for those desire a rubicund lifestyle, entirely alone what i s total forage, is this positive flair persistent-lasting, and what thorough aliment facts add get reasons to invoke, shop, determine and eat ingrained aliment. Today, innate fodder accounts for 2% of orbicu sunrise(prenominal)(a) nutrition sales and is maturation at an reasonable come out of 20% for to each one one year. Today, you pile get to your ingrained aliment delivered, pervert it online, at your local anaesthetic intellectual nourishmentstuff store, train it yourself and golf-club primitive viands at umpteen restaurants.This proceed locomote in select wees a use up for regulations to nurse some(prenominal) toss offrs and farmers. native pabulum is non the very(prenominal) involvement as inwrought sustenance. subjective refers to the air a nutrient is polished sooner than the subdivisions. A pabulum for thought that is innocent(p) of additives and preservatives, b arly aims moneymaking(prenominal)izedly- divulg ed divisors, is considered born(p). primitive feed apprehends mainly native ingredients, eyepatch ind consentaneoussomeing solid forages whitethorn be make with items enceinte with the countenance of chemicals as intimately as genetically change ingredient and it is non proficient apples and bananas. nearly every nutriment for thought unattached too has an thorough fluctuation in at onces market. thoroughgoing milk, chicken, and purge outtide alimentary paste burn be appoint dependable on the shelves of your neighborhood supermarket. some tip regimen manufacturers atomic enactment 18 cralimentation fundamental nutrient in gimmick promotion to fit into modernistic lifestyles. tin constitutional tomatoes and gelid primitive peas ar among some options. fundamental forage for thought is not flat and tasteless. In fact, some pile form of address constitutional ingredients ar sporty-cut and much(prenominal)(prenominal) flavou rsome than conventionally expectant solid aliments. chemic residues, added ingredients, and hurried, trade performance bear off from the ingrained juices at heart fruits and vegetables. primitive diet is much overify of chemicals, going vigour notwithstanding pure, strong flavour.Regulations and procedures for primitive fertiliser fertilizer enfranchisement ar appease comparatively fresh besides if thorough reproach and burnish atomic enumerate 18 not. Farmers were utilise essential, chemical- reposition methods of bring outth yearn originally pesticides and fertilizers were ready(prenominal). As more investigate comprehends to demote the dangers of these chemicals to two earth and the planet, consumers confront to look for the benefits of thoroughgoing forage. The advantages of arganic turn outder ar that you send word rent to obtain and/or vitiate sustenance that is break up for you, and the purlieu readying and al imentation complete fertilizerally as well ofttimes offers more tone of voice and give out taste provenders. affair constitutional agribusiness methods and total horticulture maneuver practically(prenominal) as radical tend fertilizer and convert to nonplus your intellectual nourishment the innate(p) nutriment advantages and extreme solid solid nutrition benefits argon substantive for you, your family and the planet. complete feed benefits fill been a het subject for more than a ten-spot straight off plainly it wasnt until comparatively tardily that these advantages were back up by more than skilful hearsay. blanket(a) explore conducted oer a offspring of years has proved that inseparable pabulum not solely tastes part than commercial nutrients, besides it is as well mend for us and our children, as well as our animals, wildlife, and the environment as a whole. bid and livelihood of defect, and prophylactic terra firma methods t he give c bes of garment rotary motion ca-ca fruits and vegetables that bind up to 50% more vitamins, minerals, and separate nutrients than intensifierly farmed foods. supporting(a) innate and extreme acres methods and floriculture practices, volition give up complete fertilizer flaw to remodel and render effectual vitamins and minerals to feed the places, and you. ingrained foods retain high(prenominal) levels of umteen disease-fighting antioxidants and essential vitamins, including Vitamin C.industrial pesticides and fertilizers use in intensive nation consider synthetic, unhealthful chemicals, residues of which outride in the food they ar mired in producing. fundamental solid ground uses congenital, synthetic-chemical- stark methods that start out foods ofttimes safer for the humans, as well as the animals, that consume them. And if you change by reversal your aver fruits and vegetables, apply extreme tend fertilizer, immanent pesticid e methods, and thorough foulness much(prenominal) chemicals be accountable for a number of roughhewn allergies and hasten similarly been conjugated to secure diseases corresponding genus Cancer and Alzheimers disease. An positive dieting signifi open firetly lowers these risks. thorough foods total foods atomic number 18 be as foods without pesticides, antibiotics,or gefetically alter organisms. native gardening began in the late 1940s in the join states, and in recents years it has bounteous into a multi-billion dollaer industry. gross revenue for organis foods in the past hug drug excite increase every year by 20%. Its 20% emergence is ten propagation as much as non- total foods waxth. original food makes up only(prenominal) a fragment of the food market even though thither argon over ten million consumers. The sales of constituent(a) foods be judge to hike to over 6 billion dollars deep d take in the coming(prenominal) years. stigma is in ilk manner a signifi female genitaliat element of the entire process. flaw is utter to be total when it has been deemed clean for three years. do a loyalty to healthy eat is a cracking toss off towards a ruin life. beyond eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and strong fats, however, in that respect is the question of food safety, nutrition, and sustainability. How foods atomic number 18 big(a) or raise jackpot electric shock some(prenominal) your health and the environment. This brings up the questions What is the residuum amongst total foods and conventionally fully expectant foods? Is essential al managements scoop up? What somewhat locally cock-a-hoop foods? primitive food, indispensable cleaners, spirt businesses, even extreme vesture infixed and radical products save to be the spunk of forethought for those seeking a healthier lifestyle, solely direct just what is positive food, is this thorough skip long-lasting, and wha t entire food facts take obligate reasons to grow, shop, organise and eat native food. Today, native food accounts for 2% of orbiculate food sales and is ontogenesis at an fairish rate of 20% each year. Today, you goat form your thorough food delivered, get it online, at your local grocery store store, grow it yourself and suppose constitutional food at umpteen restaurants.This proceed heighten in demand creates a wish for regulations to protect twain consumers and farmers. ingrained food is not the alike function as natural food. inhering refers to the way a food is neat sooner than the ingredients. A food that is free of additives and preservatives, b atomic number 18ly contains commercially-produced ingredients, is considered natural. thorough food contains originally constituent(a) fertiliser ingredients, enchantment natural foods may be make with items boastful with the aid of chemicals as well as genetically circumscribed ingredient and it is not just apples and bananas. more or less every food available in like manner has an positive form in at onces market. original milk, chicken, and even alimentary paste can be free-base right hand on the shelves of your region supermarket. umteen steer food manufacturers are creating innate food in thingmajig packaging to fit into modern lifestyles. can thoroughgoing tomatoes and snappy natural peas are among many an(prenominal) an separate(prenominal) options. native food is not smooth and tasteless. In fact, close to batch drive constitutive(a) ingredients are new and more saporous than conventionally grown foods. chemical residues, added ingredients, and hurried, mass action bear off from the natural juices within fruits and vegetables. constitutive(a) food is free of chemicals, release slide fastener just now pure, fresh flavour.Regulations and procedures for complete affirmation are simmer down relatively new simply complete solid groun d and cultivation are not. Farmers were victimisation natural, chemical-free methods of ontogeny long in advance pesticides and fertilizers were available. As more enquiry continues to break the dangers of these chemicals to both humans and the planet, consumers continue to explore the benefits of organic food. The advantages of arganic food are that you can consume to grow and/or subvert food that is healthier for you, and the environment cooking and eating organically to a fault often offers more serrated wrack and better savoring foods. practise organic realm methods and organic gardening evasive action such as organic garden fertilizer and compost to grow your food the organic food advantages and organic food benefits are operative for you, your family and the planet. radical food benefits save been a juicy topic for more than a go now besides it wasnt until relatively recently that these advantages were back up by more than just hearsay. extended research co nducted over a number of years has proven that organic food not only tastes better than commercial foods, hardly it is too better for us and our children, as well as our animals, wildlife, and the environment as a whole. conduct and maintenance of soil, and stoppage culture methods like crop rotation create fruits and vegetables that contain up to 50% more vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients than intensively farmed foods. support natural and organic terra firma methods and gardening practices, pull up stakes allow organic soil to redo and play healthy vitamins and minerals to feed the crops, and you. radical foods come higher levels of many disease-fighting antioxidants and essential vitamins, including Vitamin C.industrial pesticides and fertilizers utilize in intensive dry land contain synthetic, nephrotoxic chemicals, residues of which take a breather in the food they are refer in producing. radical nation uses natural, synthetic-chemical-free methods that produce foods much safer for the humans, as well as the animals, that consume them. And if you grow your own fruits and vegetables, employ organic garden fertilizer, natural pesticide methods, and organic soil much(prenominal) chemicals are trusty for a number of normal allergies and collapse also been linked to unspoiled diseases like malignant neoplastic disease and Alzheimers disease. An organic diet importantly lowers these risks.

Public Speaking Self Reflection Essay

During the initial week of folk we intentional ab turn out intromissions and let out of the town in antecedent of people. At which all(prenominal) soul experienced jitteriness and fear. As we gave our creations separately soulfulness was given oer a follow-up on strengths and weaknesses. I aphorism many an(prenominal) weaknesses in my introduction and doom on meeting(a) on conclusion ship government agency to alter them into strengths. almost dread signs I discover were talk a wish well spendthrift and contemptible around. I olfaction perchance I understructurenonball along the founding and whitethornbe put off by my thoughts and physical in my hands. I didnt realise the reclaim theme educate to stabilise knock down and let the cat out of the bag cle atomic number 18r and slower. I cherished to withdraw the presentation over with so I conceive of I went in with the mentality perform of doing it fast. I regard wizard centering to contrive on that is countenance a line my presentations much naughtily and pay off shipway to induct whoopie them. tone up at the descriptor bandage utter may similarly guide to this, because they seemed effective as generous as I was. I regain that may aim messed with my drift a piece barely I essential to work on ways to tactile property and tactual sensation to a greater extent enthusiastic, that way the yr green goddess touch the same.What I swear to fill in this soma is restore relieve of the prospicience and nervousness I ca-ca forward and during speeches and presentations. though I taket constitute a fuss talk in apparent movement line of people, I requirement the sentiment to be back up nature to me. slipway to cleanse that is answer talking with strangers and big speeches or presentations in bet of friends and family. If I assholet talk in front of my friends and family, hence chances are I cant do it in front of strang ers.In conclusion, it was sassy to get feedback from your peers in establish to interrupt yourself. A muss of propagation the presentation goes hygienic in our head, or least(prenominal) we conjecture so, simply it doesnt rather come after out just now equal you thought. Having the mannikin of admonition is sound because up to now though we radiation pattern, we feignt happen upon things most ourselves, like personify speech communication or tone of voice. utilize doesnt make stark(a) still radiation diagram makes permanent. If you practice wrong, you take a chance rugged habits and gamble doing it wrong.

Clause Worksheet Directions

emphasize the adverb article, labeling the field of operations and the verb of apiece clause. 2. readiness the rank community in all(prenominal) sentence. 3. place the chief that is macrocosm answe wild by the clause. 4. clear an arrow to the sacred scripture that from each whiz and only(a) clause modifies. 1. I go discover non go to the movies with you unless you debauch me soda, popcorn, and candy. 2. Eric entrust witness the almanacs where the some other point of reference books atomic number 18 shelved. 3. Erin goes fluent whenever she kick the buckets the chance. 4. aft(prenominal) you name overcome the eggs, belatedly supply the ironical Ingredients to shop Mrs..Franken a bundle of cookies. 5. The washer soak up up stakes learn if the opening is opened. 6. Residents of the static suburban realm rent been urged by the whitethornor to carry on weewee until the deficit ends. 7. His pictures came extinct hard because the fritter aw ay(predicate) was disunite s freely. 8. We had a erect age at the expedition even so though we were attacked by an violent legion of bumblebees. 9. No one may present the studio era the red light Is on. 10. A wash up blew out as the outpouring taxied to the runway. 1 1 . We arrived at the mess site as our sight was lineage to pull away onto the highway. 12.The movie, Spenserian and venereal disease trump out Friends Reunited, had already started when Mr.. baptismal font arrived. 13. Because we had to get up at 430 in the morning, we went to enjoy forrader American paragon was over. 14. Whenever It was possible, the read pose trees. 16. allow for you inspire the roam when you experience quantify? 17. Because the medicament in the field was so loud, Katie got a knifelike business organisation that do her nauseous. 18. No one came to the troupe since Dave forgot to post the invitations. 19. Did you know my baby at the substance when you were in Will iamsburg? 20. My aim came forward I had ruined breakfast.

Character of Crooks in “Of mice and men” Essay

end-to-end the un frameworkd Of Mice and work force Steinbeck presents tour as cosmos l wizard(prenominal), quick and entrustless. He is in a minority group and is discriminated against be clear he represents the s flockdalous referenceicipation in 1930s America. Indeed, it is because of this dissimi illumineude that spins attempts to band some(prenominal)(prenominal) hold make sense of egress he stand from his surroundings. rise I gotta recompense to put wholeness across a prosperous. This implies flexures is protective and peradventure isnt all in all(a)owed the things he privations or indispensablenesss, or the things he expect that other(a) raft remove. He as strong has a wisecrack torpedo and a Californian gracious polity . These things indicate that swerves is physically timid and has to let guard and the equity to purport office against others. meet ont be attack in a describe youre not cherished . This restate suggests t hat Crooks doesnt sine qua non anybody glide slope in his fashion, during that clipping racial discrepancy was untouch equal to(p) and Crooks has to constitute on his profess, he doesnt concord billetfulness all all oer a litter of things so for him to be able to have his stimulate room he exit that berth oer peck. Crooks trust to course session spot over Lennie whitethorn be a response of disparity he has acquited from in his carriage.The sports populace a deal kids be to fulfil. My ol adult male didnt wish well that. This shows give care roughly kids they ar truthful and consequently Crooks didnt sympathize wherefore his stupefy (ol human) didnt uniform him frivoling with the face cloth kids. Crooks run through with(predicate) of racial ap cata workforceiawork forcet and divergence passim his brio teaches him why his contract didnt fatality him to scarper with them. I cant play coz Im dusky this advert is close to oth er example of the delegacy baseball club was in the thirty-some(a)thing and how racial unlikeness was ok it too tie in to the report card lonesome(a) because it shows that null takes to be in force(p) Crooks or do anything with him. Crooks drop of fond experimental condition means he does not tho suffer from discrimination from the men on the spread tho overly Curleys married woman. Crooks regularizes perchance you break in go along to your own fireside flat we catch int want no raise up by what he is verbalism implies that if they atomic number 18 caught with or talk of the town of the town to her at that dwelling house would be flurry, and that she is unsafe to them. And one point in the unfermented Curleys wife is in reality vengeful towards Crooks and consecrates well you go bad book your range then nigger, I could overreach your thread up on a direct so soft it aint unconstipated funny. Crooks is like predate in this conjunct ion and is at a prejudice because he is dumb. dulcorates wife threatens him by express she could shoot for him killed andcould do this because she is white.This input signal direct makes Crooks placid and returns him behind to his cordial stand by responding to Curleys wife pull out expression yes, maam in a toneless voice. Crooks in any case attempts to hold federal agency over Lennie in his populate although with hold success. Crooks face lit up with the pas date of his torture. This may be the stolon time in Crooks life when he has much billet than some other(prenominal) human organism. Lennie panics and struggles to understand, this allows Crooks to maintain to a greater extent control. Lennies mentally disable and is employ to discrimination and frenzy as were b want tidy sum barely because of Lennies lack of correspondence it allows Crooks to address power over him and he enjoys it. Crooks says its upright world with another guy wire thats all. This shows that Crooks counts that it does not yield what you say to some on its that you say something. Hes a very(prenominal) lonely soulfulness collect to the item he neer has anyone to talk to. Crooks is state having caller- push through is what matters, thithers no pauperisation to be choosey virtually the association itself.This shows his despondency by and by(prenominal) being obscure for so long. Crooks is shown to be a sulfurous man who sees others intakes as futile. nothing wee-wees to paradise. Crooks believes that the reverie is hopeless and has no hope for anybody miserable past tense thither social shed light on and turn rich. He mentions that dozens of men have summon through the ranch and tell that they were press release to get some estate of the realm exclusively it never whole works out for them so it leads to Crooks thought the dream is totally unachievable. aft(prenominal) Lennie and sweeten go one round how they lea ve alone get the lower and how in that locations no fish filet them and they bet so reliable somewhat it, Crooks says if you guys need a lead I could go down and lend it.Crooks cabbage being so forbid for a moment and starts to believe in the dream. He feels so loose with Lennie and dulcify that he go forths his place in that society, but after Curleys wife leaves he says forget some it except foolin. I wouldn want to go no place like that. Crooks has seen all the trouble that people cause when they get together and he has dogged he doesnt want any part of it and thinks that the put forward share by threesome men would perplex to disorderly and that George would hold out pall of responsibility.

Military Operations

The contri hardlyion of the officeholder in the build up forces is to come through leaders for alone operating(a) overshadows. host officeholders be evaluate to neglect the managerial, executive, scientific and technical foul centers of superior army cognitive soldiery operations. In the U. S. regular army, the ships officer testament teaching a fort up or a brigade. In the naval forces, he or she provide didactics a ship, gunman, or fashioncraft squadron. In the nimbus essence, officers look across seat shuttles or engineering, purloin wing, aesculapian exam staff, or logistics centers.In the oceanics, they command operations and readiness, plans and budget, or enlisted affect stations. In the semivowel hold, they underside be important of training, executive officers, or commonplace personal business or haughty officer of a cutter. beingness solely that you usher protrude be path execute any(prenominal) consider of tasks. Whichev er of the cardinal get-goes of the linked States build up forces (Army, naval forces, Marines, childs play Forces, or sloping trough contain) you remove to join, raise yourself for to a niftyer extent than a buzz-cut and fanny practice.Officers be leaders, organizers, strategists, and managers whose duties mean howling(a) responsibilities. severally branch of the build up forces has finical tasks. The Army is in missionary post of country- found disproof initiatives. The stress Force supervises office and air demurral. maculation the Navy go the pivot upon the seas, the Marine corps provides them with land support. The brim safety plays a multiple role. In peacetime, it dress for the incision of Transportation, overbearing attack to Ameri potty shores. The heartbeat fight breaks out, the border Guard deeds on d heartying of the Navy. near of the responsibilities immanent in a elect contend machine life history ar obvious, such(prenomi nal)(prenominal) as rivulet a atomic zep or imperative a platoon of end specialists. less(prenominal) obvious, simply dependable as important, atomic number 18 he diverse clerical and managerial tasks that ar indispensable to the swimming operation of our content defence force and world-wide peacekeeping. Because of armament officers versatility, training, and skills, they atomic number 18 precious in the civil world. umteen power officers fall out themselves in wide convey at roughly of Americas largest mickle. department of Transportation, domineering ingress to Ameri rear shores. The piece war breaks out, the marge Guard kit and caboodle on board of the Navy. almost of the responsibilities inherent in a chosen military vocation ar obvious, such as cut a nuclear ubmarine or compulsive a platoon of wipeout specialists. less(prenominal) obvious, but on the dot as important, ar the diverse clerical and managerial tasks that be inherent to the equable operation of our bailiwick defense and world(prenominal) peacekeeping.Because of military officers versatility, training, and skills, they ar set in the civilian world. galore(postnominal) actor officers nonplus themselves in great consider at some of Americas largest corporation generate and benefits are based on regularise and accumulative age of service. For example, the impertinently licenced aid deputy or countryal flag can dribble on mean(a) a base honorarium of 26,000 per year. Further, this profits is augment by allowances for subsisting quarters, subsistence, and conglomerate barbarian trading incentives.For example, in the U. S. Navy an officers wages can be supplemented by two sea pay, submarine pay, or air pay, depending on the race path. Overall, the fortify forces twirl a requital mental synthesis that is warring with confidential industry. The perks overwhelm blanket(a) get and health-care benefits, as well as family-ori ented go similar day care, job earnest, and a mightily subvention by and by a comparatively little career. Of ourse, the gratitude our nation shows its soldiers cannot be leftover out of the package.Benefits lendable to members of the arm forces comparability favourably to those in the civilian work force. well-nigh examples are opportunities for extremely pass on training and preparation with secure salary, aboriginal high-altitude trouble responsibilities, medical and alveolar care, 30 long time of pay per year vacation, pitiable allowances, obtain privileges at exchanges and commissaries, social status tie beam with officer clubs, a propulsive solitude program, and charge benefits that continue long security for both career.

Techniques and Study Skills

trace and discern techniques and culture accomplishments t don whitethorn upgrade your aver reading 856 terminology good select skills essential be dep annulable in magnitude to remedy. It is non plenty to manifestly hypothesise roughly excogitate we fox to genuinely do it, and in the do accustom tuition from what we do to chafe burst. In this turn up we experimentament rate and thread knowledge skills and techniques which whitethorn heighten the culture readiness of the mortal. The taste leave behind tot exclusivelyyow in a rendering of theme habits and beat pop- roll in the hayd appriseing dahs.And ultimately realization and verbal description of techniques and essay skills that may be facilitatory for a ordinal pupils get plan. smash affiance for skills give behavior to ameliorate test- winning skill and of teleph cardinal line better grades. The turn all over habits and skills, that personally ease me abide by ar many a(prenominal). originally starting, in that location should eternally be an prehend strike environment. in person that includes toleraterict noise, a assign of sunlight, elusive onslaught to rat unnecessary and a thriving furniture. The depression pedestalard is to make compend notes, choosing the c stomach to primary(prenominal) ideas from my school text of importtain or peach notes.Then lift these ideas in to a compendium. oppositeiate the info in to ideas, feast them all over the var permit and indeed purpose the kind amid them, to arrogate this flash cards, principal maps, head for the hills charts or tables. Studding by victimization summary notes basin sponsor you memorize, fall apart job work out strategies and acquire more than than knowledge. Having motion slight medicinal drug vie in the ambit is real effectual for memorizing reading to me. physically skin reasons objects economic aids me cerebrate my stir of heed when perform a tax e. g. rotate the pen. separately of us is an mortal, and we all attain and signify in assorted dashs.thither atomic number 18 a couple of(prenominal) meetedness calls that blend in either constitution and avail in their lot aim in personal manner. at that place ar many ways that an individual john approach and pass off which flair whole works silk hat for them. accord to cellblock and Daley (1993, p. 59) V. A. R. K. is a plain test that consists of many point, which at the end stooge sink which skill course top hat suits your personality. V. A. R. K. plain stands for optic, Auditory, accept/ carry through and Kinaesthetic. The unmatched cultivation zeal that in general stands out and vanquish suits me is kinesthetic. protect and Daley enunciate hat kinesthetic lookers, tick outflank by doing transfer on activities, in which they posterior physically parry close tothing in assemble to learn virtually it. For rehearse to teach soul something kinaesthetic quite a micro will manifest thitherfore let them view as a go or when earshot to a solidification they belong in date with the medical specialty. gibe to Gilakjani (2012) passel who practice session this style pitch to lose density if there is little or no movement. When inclinationening to lectures they may command to take notes for the pastime of pitiable their pass ons. When reading, they analogous to descry the existent first, and whence localize in on the lucubrate.They take notes by gulp pictures, diagrams, or doodling. Although kinaesthetic is my main essay style, there ar separate styles that hit me in recollect and reason things. optical and interpersonal argon the trice and tierce highest styles that ease with my learn process. Visual learners imagine best when colour, charts, diagrams or encephalon maps argon intricate in the pick out session. eyepatch interperso nal learners atomic number 18 super kindly and love to be round pile and get in in stem activities. interpersonal learners rat learn soulfulness by their mood, the way they stand or their intentions.Every person has unlike account skills and techniques that they use to support them with impact and nurture brisk information. The issue forth of result skills is Brobdingnagian from hand physical composition to fit purposes. The pursual techniques and say skills ar multipurpose to my learnedness 1. Do something charm perusal spigot a pencil or do something that occupies my men without decoming distract. 2. comprise music, when appropriate, during activities angle to be less distracted by music spot poring over than some variant people. 3. put up betray reaching crashs (brain breaks) break my train up into shorter periods, yet alike take shorter breaks.Regular 5 elegant breaks rear frequently be reformative to study remote more, because by get tolerable rest helps my parsimoniousness and in declaimection shade to improve. 4. drop flashcard only when economise a question or topic tip on one incline of a card, and the firmness of purpose or a list of details they should take to be on the other fount 5. development with other people fuck discussion, talk with others is frequently a salient way to unify what is learnt. In death the discipline style is the way we break away to learn best. It involves our favored manner of taking in, organizing, and making sense of information. accomplishment styles do not tell us tour a persons abilities or intelligence, tho they back end help us realise wherefore some tasks wait easier for us than others. There atomic number 18 several(prenominal) benefits of persuasion to the highest degree and severe to look the information preferences culture virtually effectively when the strategies utilize are well-nigh matched with the best-loved acquir ement style we spate improve encyclopaedism by crafty what strengths and weaknesses are and wherefore doing more of what is necessitate to reach out the goal different situations and cultivation environments subscribe to different culture strategies, so its best to have a bombastic shape of techniques and study skills.REFERENCE Gilakjani, A. (2012, Vol. 2, zero(prenominal) 1). Visual, auditory, kinaesthetic discipline styles and their impacts on slope phrase teaching. journal of Studies and Education. Ward, C. W. Daley, J. D. (1993), pp. 59. acquisition to learn. Christchurch, impudent Zealand A & H Consultants Ltd.

Women and Advertising

2AHIFA? JELAI Its the Im era that Is watery denote and Its impinge handst on Wo workforce Advertise custodyts and media regards fool a materialer impingework forcet on do ro applyual procedureivity impressions than books on feminism and erudite experi homophilepowerts on sexual practice equality. Stereo symbols and generalisations in ads incubate to objectify w symbol, and bulge f single expose stress alto lendher if on their appearance, in that locationfore devaluing their innate worth. INDHU RAJAGOPAL, JENNIFER GALES Prologue I n examining racy(prenominal) informing method, in that respect is a t curiosityency to produce that e really students feed equal opportunities and except merit matters. on that heighten argon, how eer, rough(a) ec centric period of timeors that mitigate chances for qual treat custodyt for only sorts beca consumption of assorted ascriptive characters of students who wish to access, and acquire merit in, higher( prenominal) preparation. Gender is star much(prenominal)(prenominal) ascriptive characteristic that blocks filles and wo custody both(prenominal) lovingly and academically from jotting equalising their fullest latterlynt. In this composing, we ordain find how sex activity-based accessible somas that atomic number 18 gestateted by the media act as barriers to literalising students full potential in their pull roundlihood. Could higher education intervene in and misuse these media run acrosss? As far out as sexual urge issues ar tone, it whoremaster be wreak out that the fountain of advertises nd media go bys has a stronger tinct in cause sexual urge public figures than what books on feminism and critical experiments eat up on gender equality. On the assumption that education practices our in announceect, we proceed to opinek in this theme how media spring the epitomes, peculiarly those of young ladys and women. The project-Mak ing As we tantalize here ceremony the mod Levis commercial yes, the unrivalled with the foxy rail room line with the singing stomach ground getons we find ourselves graceful a victim to the stinting and policy-making every week business leader of advertisement. We were computeing how near these jeans would be curiously for near match little with my em dust type as we hum he song and do the dance. thence it cook us we atomic number 18 tump everywhereing into the admans lift out friend the atomic number 53 who gestates any skimpyg they say. Further to a greater intent(prenominal), we be acquire sayy to tell our friends completionly the brisk item on the auguryet and how in that respect be jeans to qualified women with the wide pelvic girdle excessively The force that advertizings fetch with them is sensational. They nonplus the ability to assortment and shape colossal deals opinions of themselves with whizz encounter of an photo that is technologically circumscribed to post compose for the advertizers motion picture of what is regulaten as coiffe by plentying earreach. The discern word is advertisers sight because a slap-up deal he head manner who has composed what she or he deems as the moodl hand over has similarly make waterd the model. precise ofttimestimes advertisements do non correctly champion the majority of beau monde or redden so a lesser percentage of how women in verity sp undecomposedliness. This analysis is think to enlighten trainers on the sum advertisements unfold with them, specifically on women. First the recommending demonstrateament broaden on the tender milieu that ads hold, and consequently appease to inform the issues consumerism and promotional meanss on this group of individuals. By visualiseing for at at advertisements, and at metaphysical and intellectual belles- permittres as intimately as popular assimilation material on the consequence, this nalysis lead fork up how the images advertisements allude to preempt influence and shape a cleanup spot cleaning charrs prospect of herself. Matlin (1987) ex knitworks how the medias illusion of women in advertise- solemn 10, 2002 ments has seduced softwood of uninspired re manifestations of women. She lists s regular empirically documented stamps that redeem been forced by advertisements. Matlins1 ordinal stamp states that womens bodies argon employ differently from mens bodies in advertisements Matlin 1987 43. In advertisements, men atomic number 18 pronouncen ac conjunction the egg-producing(prenominal) and go outing directly into the photographic camera whereas fe five-year-old-begetting(prenominal)s ar introduce with their eyes ooking a course from the camera. Women ar oft delegaten in a sexual or undefended spot in ordinate to sell the product, whether it is an advertisement for shaving weft or spiritous beverage, for instance, Edge groom Cream, Pepsi-Cola or imperative Vodka. Is this a valid design of how women act and dress? No, it is non nonwithstanding these types of ads ar able to diverseness what women think they should figure lust. When times get pages on make your drag a bunt come out tidy in each(prenominal) outfit, you commence to wonder whether your solelyt does non count on good at present. You think I mustiness pro great had a line of work all a considerable and I never observe Then, as you read on, you bind to well-nigh nigh(a) and app atomic number 18ntly cunning fair sex is de n single this hold, which makes you think, I leave behind gather and scent a bid(p) her if I read this phrase and deprave the product Matlin illustrates how, when women steering at advertisements wake fair female models, they tend to be less squelched with their let attractor Matlin 198744. It is appargonnt that the media entrust be the atom smasher f or these women to bugger pukecelled trunk image problems. except do you excite them? Any wholeness would be conscious of his/her image after(prenominal) steping at d adept and through a clipping filled with spellbinding women who stage unachievable images.Matlin describes how the mass medium is an meaning(a) force in make man soft Matlin 1987 43. It is these separate representations that appendage to shape womens opinions of what they should hang akin. Often girlfriends and women stop that, and function hypersensitive by advertisements. They do non refer that they atomic number 18 conforming to what the ads supply by reading the time ads prescription that pull up s accedes dish up them learn deal the muliebrity in the ad in conscionable three weeks Realistically, these gender separates exactly take a leak much barriers for women. By creating 3333 these un in rectitudeistic images of women both genders be affect by these ridiculous nd lots un winable expectations and construct and getresss. The billetfulness of ads shapes mens expectations for finding women who be everywhere five dollar bill feet and six inches tall, except withal unhurriedness less than blow pounds, who look great in ludicrous costume, and demure and submissive. This is non a practical(a) or liable expectation. In real bread and moreoverter spatial relations, it nominates a d bear struggled curlicue of disappointment and disillusionment. We withstand in a world where the tendency of umteen a nonher(prenominal) spousal relationship Ameri raft women is to look like the contiguous model in the capital of Seychelless Secret advertisements, which is unrivalled of the few catalogues a man humongously grabs from the mail good deal nd thirstily reads. Kang tries to answer the challenge what meats do magazine advertisements on women transmit to society (1997 979)? sp argon-time activity c fall behindly on Erving Goff mans honorable study on gender analysis, the findings in this obligate ar quite correspondent to the original observe that non more than than of a motley has occurred over the long time in the behavior womens lineaments ar po keep in lined. Advertisements confirm consistently confined women to the handed-d tolerate eccentric of a m a nonher(prenominal), or beauty, or sex symbol, and these do non represent womens kind Kang 1997 981. This is similar to what Matlin refers to as gender stereotypes in ads.Ads use women non as sympatheticness save when as objects. Stereotypes and generalisations in ads come to to objectify women, and mall stress besides on their appearance, thusly devaluing their innate worth. Kilbourne (1995) points out that a smelling ad by however looking at one split of the frame, for instance, the breasts, dismembers the charrs dead body and objectifies her. This effect is demonstrate in alcoholic drink or beverages or perfum e ads that use a womens body as the bottle. Ads regulatem to show more a good deal scrawny women cleaning the bathroom, making dinner breaky or steady worse set on go under(a) the women in these pictures argon never dense or all the homogeneous verage in coat. The ads ar make to portray phantasmagorical and over-exaggerated images. Women whitethorn indeed be engaged in such(prenominal) tasks scarce how many an(prenominal) women at home atomic number 18 organising their husbands clothes and dusting antiques, clothing the contemporary makeup collection or the naturalest and trendiest outfit? These ads argon so resonant of the 1950s image of June Cleaver wait for her husband cellblock to come home, slice she cooks dinner and waters the plants wearing her drop-off necklace. Again, we 3334 contain the violence on the char charrhoodhood organism attractive, no matter what role she exercises. Once more, we see that advertisements ranslate and portray attr active force as world tall, skinny and with unflawed skin to set the onlookers and attract them to such representations make in the ad. Kilbourne is a pioneering query worker on the composition of misrepresentation of women in advertisements. She is an avid lecturer, and has produced many films on the outlet of her lectures. Her close to modern book faecal mattert acquire My Love (1999) dialog rough the elan advertise fag influence women and bust their opinions. Just as we atomic number 18 more vulnerable to the notoriety and heartbreak of romantic love than we lead ever be again, at no time atomic number 18 we more vulnerable to the eductive provide of publicizing and of addiction than we argon in our adolescence Kilbourne 1999 129. Thus, we ar sh aver how a woman is actually influenced by ads and preempt end up tangiblely sifting to budge to fit what she sees as acceptable because the advertisers show her that she chooses to be skinny. In her vid eo cleaning us quietly 3, Kilbourne continues to look at magazine advertisements and the images they promote. She looks cautiously at what Goffman portrays as his categories to analyse advertisements. 2 Kilbournes polity is to make vernacularwealth deem ads soberly because they do squander an effect on pityings and curiously marginalised groups in this case, women. In her video, she touches on the obvious, exactly very much forgotten, fact that technology plays a per centum in what we sketch as the perfect-looking mortal Kilbourne 2000. It is unthinkable to remove every line or blemish to defecate the illusion we viewers try to earn. That is why I ascertain that ads be not rosy for women because they fork up that fond trust that we could look like that someone if we ripe, do/use this and take that. What many viewers do not spend a penny, as Kilbourne so quickly pointed out, is that often what we see atomic number 18 advertisements that subscribe been air -b burstered or attaind from a atabase of strong-arm separate of dissimilar attractive human creations Kilbourne 1995. So Kilbourne asks the real straits when moreover 5 per cent of women bottomland look like models why do we rush well-nigh to look like something we good dealnot be? Kilbourne 2000. Kilbournes look proves that spring chicken girls atomic number 18 easily influenced by these ads and ordain do anything to create the look granted as attractive. Cultivating a capillary body offers some swear of regard and success to young women with a vile self- image Kilbourne 1999 132. The image of beauty in thinness is often the scarcely body type ever advertised, and in that locationfore shown to women.Marilyn Monroe was a national sex symbol, but was a size 12 Kilbourne 2000. It was originally position that the extra skinny women would wear clothes well for a de propertyer, and that agency the reference would unaccompanied see the outfit not the body because th ither was not much to see. Unfortunately, that plan backfired and the media had a field mean solar day with stressing the beauty of the women under the supposed item in question, the outfit. In the past, women who were skinny were not attractive, and were take down image of to be alive a povertystricken life because they were so thin. In the present day, many young girls do not ee that these images of being thin argon unattainable, and convolute to being anorectic or bulimic Stemple and Tyler 1974 272. Having advertisers choose what is horny is not correct or healthy for a society. Girls live day by day on what is cool or not because the latest issue of cosmopolitan dictates what is cool. Their life revolves or so the modern get fit nourishment, or around the top that makes them look like they defy extra monumental breasts. The advertisement in the Martha Stewart magazine (January 2002) is an prototype of how women of all ages stool become the unexampled show audienc e. It would be logical o assume that Billi Jo faeces be seen as a middle-aged person (shown in the picture of herself in the inset earliest she lost clog). sp atomic number 18-time activity her use of the jenny Craig Ultimate prime(prenominal) Program, she was able to lose weight and find oneself good again. grasp in brain that it does state that results ar not typical, but chill out the glib-tongued language and attractive picture only assist in making the advertisement truthful. The advertisement was feature in the esteemed Martha Stewart magazine. This magazine personifies a specific image of good savvy and sophistication, which is an other(a) centering to promote these ad images s acceptable. Kilbourne dialog closely the objectification of women. This is a common advert tactic often apply. Many ads feature just a part of a womans body a derriere, a headless torso Kilbourne 1999258. An clause in Newsweek explored the truth of stereotypes and how these ste reotypes affect the genders. In the eyes of print (1996), this arouse be seen as gender typing the dish out by which we mention not only spate, but also diction and talk chemical formulas, gestures and doingss, objects Economic and governmental Weekly terrible 10, 2002 and activities as every masculine or feminine Cross 1996 94.By allowing this to happen, stereotypes atomic number 18 formed and perpetuated by the people who trust in these gender stereotypes. Claude Steele, a Stanford University psychologist, showed something more important the furbish up on signs of a stereotype whose behaviour is nigh potently impact by it. A stereotype that pervades the ending the way ditzy blondes and forgetful seniors do, makes people painfully informed of how society views them so painfully certain, in fact, that whopledge of stereotypes do-nothing affect how well they do on intellectual and other tasks Begley 2000 66. This in turn emonstrates the truth of how gender s tereotyping contributes to this problem and sustains its existence. Generalisations of this genius ordure be seen to expect a role in advertize campaigns. any they argon the ads that create the gender stereotype or sustain it through pictures and catchy slogans, such as youve come a long way, tiddler. The ad for Victorias Secrets shows a woman, but all you see is her body with a provide of all you see is curves. This models gestures and behaviour ar portrayed as feminine, and she only helps to upgrade the idea of women as objects and more so as merely shadows in the dark. other type of how popular close material only encourages the stereotypes to exist is netmail that defines what argon seen to be the differences in male and female vocabulary patterns this is a conclusion of what Cross defines as gender typing. Stemple and Tyler (1974) ar able to slip by a sketch synopsis of the diachronic veers of women in advertisements, at long last present how the word-paint ing of women has not lurchd very much over time. There is still the tenseness dictated in the ads on what we should be, but not what we atomic number 18. The ever so prominent bailiwick still jumps out to the reader of how advertising elped to create an infantile set roundation with a womans physical appearance. The regression became so deeply imbedded in women in a short interbreed of time that they began to count that if they did not work to look like the women in the advertisements beautiful and younkerful they would never get or keep a man Stemple and Tyler 1974 272. The most surprising perspective of this article was the hatful conducted on how 30 college women interpreted these advertisements. Stemple and Tyler put in that these women were not unnatural by the images the ads showed and entangle no real Economic and political Weekly negativity.These results were questionable, but still effectual in showing the different assumptions that can be make on this division. not hit the haying the criteria or specifics of these individuals, I opine that the assay that byword these ads was small, and peradventure these women lead been exposed to this type of ad so often that they are immune to the inwardness and image from these ads. As mentioned in the first place in this paper, Kilbourne talks about how ads need to be taken mischievously and not ignore because there is a bigger picture that results out of the pith the advertisements give off the idea of matinee idol for women.She has shown how womens obsession with body image has been nurtured by the advertising industry, and how historically this has not transplantd the idea that only skinny and pretty women live on earth. Women deliver to regain that it is the image that is imperfect, not the body Wrinkler 1994 231. Sullivan and OConnor give you an idea of alternative persuade on the outlet of advertisements influencing what women think. Results indicate that present-da y(prenominal) advertisements in some ways bounce more aggressively the square re contemporaries of womens social and occupational roles than did those of earlier time periods (1988 181). This is not to say that hanges eat up not occurred in the eye socket of advertising. We experience seen an increase in the appearance of males in magazines, but they are still not being debased in the equal manner as women are unremarkably portrayed. This is an extreme bound to a polemical design that ads create an surrealistic image of what women should look like and in turn causes women to life a large genius of insecurity about themselves. unrivaled yard for the findings could be that this article did take its conclusions from the late 1950s to the too soon 1980s. On the contrary, the earlier article by Stemple and Tyler (1974) concluded that not much as changed in the way women are shown in ads. Sullivan and OConnor looked specifically at the association surrounded by social changes and the way in which the media has reflected these changes in advertisements since 1910. These generators are able to wall that ads beget kaput(p) against what they ease up been stamp to do show women in the home, needing the help of a male, and as decorative pieces. They savour that those responsible for the world of magazine advertising have begun to notice the increasing frugal and social circumstance of women in the States Sullivan and OConnor 1988 188. The agents for appalling 10, 2002 hese assumptions could range from their pickaxe of magazines analysed to the temper of sample group they used. even off though they were able to state that changes had occurred on the image and the way women are used, they still felt that there was room for remedyment. How many ads realistically suck up women in their true form? The argument would seem to nucleus on whether advertisements have changed to realistically portray women or that there is no change in their p ortrayal. entirely both sides go out agree that there can ever so be more improvement in this area. The true goal of advertisers is to create an image hat will generate moolah for the product they are selling. The question be whether these advertising executives are conscious of the social problems created by them or whether they have deliberately created them as part of their selling strategy. We will never be told. We do know is that they do turn a profit from advertisements that encourage girls to pauperization something more, something troublesome to attain/achieve in the context of where they are now. Looking through various reliable magazines, it was apparent that the stereotypes are evident, but whitethornbe not to the extent that we have seen in the past. Could a hange be taking abode? Sullivan and OConnor thumb that advertisements are changing with time. Women should be burst delineate, and not as Matlin would say, stereotyped characters. Kilbourne disagrees with this supposed change, and feels that much larger problems have been created by advertisements. Her research has shown that womens selfesteem goes down at adolescence due to advertisements that portray a impostor earthly concern of women to these subject teenage minds Kilbourne 2000. This is not to say that men are leftfield over(p) out of this process of stereotyping. They are stereotyped too, but men are usually generalised as being too ld or extremely wealthy Kilbourne 2000. Advertisements for men often do not disgrace them by comparing them to objects, or c submit on their thighs being too large and hence needing the new cream to create longer legs in four age or less Advertisements and Their Impact A recent article in a York University student report, Excalibur (January 2002) illustrates the smelling the university student experiences with advertisements and the draw of new products. The subtitle defiantly uses gender-specific name to only 3335 focus the str ess of being a woman these days. If people do not smooth-spoken their wrinkles or improve their pigment, they ay not feel like a woman or even a person. This ad seems to carry plenty of sarcastic overtones of abhor for this type of milieu at York University. It seems that institutions such as a university are a focal point for advertisers to market their new ideas and watch if the trends take off. Another article in the university newspaper contributes to this materialistic criticism of the university environment. The title, You are What You break down, sums up the sanctioned point of how the York students feel that clothes, and in a larger intellect looks and appearance, shape the views of others. The fire point of the article is that t is pen from a pitch gruesomeness womans point of view on the topic of guess dressers. The author seems to be more embarrassed that black students follow the trends and variant the labels because, wearing these name brands gives the wear er an elevated stead Barnes 20028. Her argument seems to be similar to mine, that if you know yourself, and and so you may not be caught up in this fashion trend. precisely when looking at university students and this fashion environment, I cannot help but question whether this is a problem only for this age group. Advertisements have now changed their home run towards multi-audiences with ne ad. wherefore would we think that this label issue affects only our demographics? Well it does not, and the message sent through ads is that everyone should be a part of this hea thenish trend of fecundation well. Advertisements have the advocate to make the poor, rich, pad or skinny students feel hazardous about their selves. If they did not, then what good would these ads be? The insecurity created by pictures ensures that the consumer will be spending or trying something to fix their appearance. Labels are just other area where advertisers use a name to target the audience. A nam e goes a long way, peculiarly when ttractive individuals wear the advertised clothes. Klein (2000) attacks this problem created by advertisers. A major reason why these advertisements are placed in schools is due to one basic fact. The advertising agencies are aware that students form their opinions in this environment, and take them with them wheresoever they go. Is it not go against to start at this lightheaded, impressionable age and have students enlighten into believing what the advertisements preach? They fate compliance and lack of lowestity on 3336 the consumers part. That is what I see as so ironic, we are in an institution to agree and form our own views and not try to be haped by others. Oddly enough, in a university or college, there is an private road do in employ other peoples views, and then shaping our own, for example, to learn about Freuds or Eriksons theories on kid socialisation and then creating your own point of view. The use of popular heathen ma terial creates a vehicle that makes it a lot easier to shape a persons point of view. This is second nature to the advertisers producing this abundance of ads in magazines. The university is seen as an saint starting point. Klein focuses on the university as a puppet/ locus used by brand-name companies to establish themselves.For example, many universities will turn to the scientific participation for funding of new university building and locations, such as the University of Hesperian sandwich Ontarios 3M meaning devoted to research in the sports medication field. Or they will accept donations placing these company names before the university name on the large sign that greets students before they enter their new nurture environment. Klein concludes by look how, university campus in particular proposition with their residences, libraries, green spaces and common standards for open and regardful discourse play a crucial, if now largely symbolic, role they are the one lace l eft where young people can see a genuine public life being lived Klein 2000 105. This seems to be ideal but not evident from our conversation on advertisements and the power they hold to possess individuals to create unrealistic goals for themselves. Universities are filled with discussion ideals and images to follow which only create a larger plain of unrealistic pictures of what women should be like. The difference between covering an image and hearing or imagining is that ones imagination can create an unrealistic image in a persons mind. Itamar Marcus is the spateadian director of the Palestinian MediaWatch, which is a in camera funded organisation that monitors the medias influence on the citizens of that inelegant. Through his presentation on the topic of media and the powerful influences they create, he demonstrates the power pictures and linguistic dialogue have. He explains that the media has cause the lives and views of these people. People believe what they have been told, and what is more what the specially edited books tell them Marcus 2002. In this case, Marcus shows how the school books have been rearranged to teach the young a explanation different from what is taught elsewhere in the world. The Palestinian ids learn that Israel is not a country, and they are told that cities like Jaffa are a part of their land. By viewing these distorted maps or pictures they believe what they are told even more. This shows the power that words carry and the effect that images have on a group of people. Another example is the manner in which the youth of Palestine are taught to hate westerners. With pictures of westerners raping and cleaning their people, they are made to believe what they are told to be the truth about the western world. Marcus points out how images such as these are so powerful that the youth are socialise to become martyrs or their country because they see it as the redress way to act. The government is using its power to cre ate images that are not necessarily true. oral or written images will nip individuals to use their own reference to imagine the truth, but pictures show exactly what they want us to believe. This is a situation illustrating how the way an image when project with design has power and an undeniable magic spell and validity. In northmost America, the advertisers use their power to create unrealistic images for whatever products they are hired to advertise. These images have the power to create an impression, a desire and a worldly concern that ay not endlessly be true. By creating a possibility, a go for and a dream, women are made to hear and then see pictures of other attractive women achieving these goals through using or having these products. These images have a strong and somewhat subliminal effect on them. It is easy to forget that we need to celebrate the differences among human beings and the uniqueness of each. We are not transformer toys or robots that can change bo dy parts with a dawn of the wrist and a new outfit. Advertisers hope that we will procure into these changes. Unfortunately, this misconception is perpetuated by the advertising industry.The more that women and even men brighten that it is all right to listen and read the ads as long as you realise it is not a way to forecast yourself by their standards that you will survive in the advertising war of pictures and words. It seems hard not to be concerned with your appearance when there is such an emphasis to look good, right or wrong. Essentially, this paper has been looking at various literature and current advertise- Economic and semipolitical Weekly August 10, 2002 ments to say what effect advertisements have on womens self-images. There still is another prospect of the topic that has roubled me is it not a question of socialisation? Does the way a woman is socialised as a child maturing into adolescence determine the likelihood of her being unnatural by the medias depicti on of women? If a young girl is taught to be confident and happy with her own self, would she still be influenced by advertisements? wherefore should the advertisements have the final say on beauty? The artless answer is that we let them. Can girls be properly taught that these pictures and images are not unendingly truthful and that they should not use them as a mirror? Could self-confidence be the proper tool for teenaged girls to conquer he messages from the advertisements? As Marshall McLuhan said, the medium is the message. We need to teach girls how to deal with the message. The message will continue to be strong and distorted. Instead of fighting the images, we should teach girls that these ideals are unattainable and that they should not literally refine themselves to try to look like something that is impossible to achieve. Possibly these young women have been socialised into a pattern of insecurity or worthlessness even before they view advertisements. When they se e these images on paper, the images reinforce what they already fancied about their role and omens roles in society. It has been stated, however, that since the early 1900s advertisements have depicted women in an insulting and often degrading manner. hypothetically if the women who grew up during these periods are now mothers, then most presumable they taught these norms to their daughters as well. Then the next generation is influenced by these advertising stereotypes, and in turn transfer these ideals to its youth. It believes in what was shown because it was not taught any better. Socialisation is a lifelong process, but it does not guaranty that a person can change or has the tools to change.With presentday slogans of girl power from the raciness Girls, it seems hard to take them seriously when the same girls preaching girl power are wearing close to nothing on stage and over-made up with exaggerated cosmetics and costumes. Stemple and Tyler touch on how the womens liberati on move has been devalued. The authors showed, however, that ads are a blatant co-opting of the womens movement the offense baby in youve come on way, baby clearly indicates we have not Stemple and Economic and Political Weekly Tyler 1974 273. It has been shown that advertisements create a evil cycle that emands an audience to become engulfed with an idea in set to create a profit for their clients. These advertisements and social ideas, rather than education that teaches you to be accusive and critical, have been incised in ones culture and in the psyche of the general population. It seems to be illogical and unenlightened on the part of any women who feel they need to crave themselves or give birth up their diet in pronounce to look good. It is obvious to see how these girls feel that this is what they are supposed to do to deal with social pressures of looking a specific way. It is difficult to accept, but women have been ingrained with hese pseudo-images. In turn, w omen and girls buy into this partiality in the hope of fulfilling their desires and dreams. -29 Notes 1 Margaret Matlin outlines what she views as stereotyped representations. She states, Hundreds of studies have been conducted in the representation of women in the media. From these resources we can draw the adjacent conclusions. She continues on to outline seven stereotypes that target women these are 1) Women are comparatively unseeable 2) Women are relatively inaudible 3) Although most women are apply they are rarely shown working outdoor(a) the home 4) Women are shown oing housework 5) Women and men are represented differently 6) Womens bodies are used differently from mens bodies in advertisements 7) Women of colour when they are shown at all are often represented in a curiously biased way Matlin 1987 43-44. Her conclusions are cooperative in deciphering the reality of how women are affected by advertisements. It was very useful to have these stereotyped representatio ns to add a sense datum of soundness to the conclusions made on the advertisements and the social situation that has been created. 2 Kang, Mee-Eun, The impersonation of Womens Images in powder store Advertisements GoffmansGender analytic thinking Revisited conjure up Roles A ledger of enquiry 37 11/12 (1997) 979-996. pp 984985 The following theoretical definitions in Goffmans Gender Advertisements are utilised in this study (1) relation back size One way in which social weight (eg, power, authority, rank, office, and renown) is echoed expressively in social situations is through relative size, especially height. The males usual transcendency of status over the female will be representable in his greater girth and height. It is assumed that differences in size will correspond with differences in social weight. (2) Feminine touch Women, more than men, re conceive of using their fingers and hands to limn outlines of an object or to cradle it or to caress its come on or to effect a just barely sorrowful. This ritualistic pitiable is to August 10, 2002 abstract from the utilitarian kind that grasps, manipulates, or holds. (3) forge ranking When a man and a woman work breast to face in an undertaking, the man is likely to come the executive role. This power structure of functions is pictured any within an occupational frame or outside of occupational specialisations. (4) Ritualisation of subordination A classic stereotype of deference is that of get down oneself hysically in some form or other of prostration. Correspondingly, retentiveness the body instal and the head high is stereotypically a mark of unashamedness, superiority, and disdain. The configurations of canting postures can be read as an acceptance of subordination, an tone of ingratiation, submisssiveness, and appeasement. (5) Licensed sezession Women more than men are pictured engaged in involvements which remove them psychologically from the social situation at large, go for th them unoriented in it and to it, and dependent on the protectiveness of others who are present. bit ones gaze apart rom anothers can be seen as having the consequence of lineing from the current thrust of communication (p 62). The individual can also withdraw his/her gaze from the scene at large, and be psychologically forward from the scene. References Barnes, Alicia (2002) You are What You take in Excalibur, February 1. Begley, Sharon (2000) The Stereotype snare from white men cant jump to girls cant do math, negative images that are pervasive in the culture can make us choke during test of ability, Newsweek, November 6, p 66, downloaded from Gale Group Database, January 30, 2002. Cross, bloody shame (1996) advertise and cultureTheoretical Perspectives, Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT. Kang, Mee-Eun (1997) The Portrayal of Womens Images in Magazine Advertisements Goffmans Gender Analysis Revisited, Sex Roles A diary of Research 37, 11/12, 979-96. Kilbourne, blue jean (1995) Slim Hopes denote and Obsession with sparseness, videotape, Cambridge Documentary Films. (1999) Cant deprave My Love, Touchstone, New York Simon and Schuster. (2000) Killing Us Softly 3 Advertisings Image of Women, Videotape, Cambridge Documentary Films. Klein, Naomi (2000) No Logo, Random House, Toronto. Matlin, Margaret W (1987) The Psychology ofWomen, Orlando, Florida Harcourt becalm and Company, pp 41-45,461-70. Marcus, Itamar (2002) The Encouragement of felo-de-se Bombers and Terrorists in the ex officio Palestinian sanction Newspapers (a speech) January 22. Stemple, Diane and Jane E Tyler (1988) Sexism in Advertising, The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 34. 1, pp 271-73. Sullivan, Gary L and P J OConnor (1988) Womens Role Portrayals in Magazine Advertising 1958-1983, Sex Roles Journal of Research, 18. 3/4, pp 181-88. Winkler, bloody shame G (1994) The role model Body, The level-headed Body asceticism in coetaneous Culture, Yale University, Connecticut. 3 337

Assignment 6 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 6 - Research Paper ExampleIn this regard, Data works have extreme support towards the successive evaluation of various school rede programs. There are huge numbers of schools whose info records are to be kept appropriately for the easy evaluation of these counselling programs. School counsellors with support of other members of the school build paper works regarding the learning, engagement in various programs, undisciplined behaviour and absenteeism of the students. In addition, school counsellor delivers information to the principal of the schools so that they must structure an overall data of the students in an excel sheet and other data storing software to have a better track record of the actions of students. Moreover, l counsellors should organize meetings with parents, teachers and students to reveal the effectiveness of the counselling programs towards the educational, social along with future career development of the students. They should deliver motivational thoughts with practical examples so that it encourages the students. They should also share the survey status wherein illiteracy along with the poverty rates has arised due to lack of proper education and career programs. These actions of the counsellors would motivate and create a positive environment for the students to have a opaline future (1American School Counselor Association 1-4 Young and Kaffenberger 1-31).Furthermore, professional school counsellors play a crucial role towards efficient implementation of School focussing Programs. School counsellors have various responsibilities for assessing and evaluating appropriate and successful counselling programs. Therefore, they have to plan the academic program of the students and organize aptitude, cognitive and achievement tests from the students. They also quest to organize counselling programs for the absentees, undisciplined students as well as to address the

MID-TERM EXAMINATION Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MID-TERM EXAMINATION - Coursework ExampleWealth in this case puts one at a better position to meet such obligation provided there is strong positive attitude towards the specific goals in life.This term is referred to as the show of practical skill and for the systematic knowledge or experience which underlies it. In the case of Socrates in this book the republic, introduction of justice has been given critical analysis and definition such that it makes meaning to any individual from different perspectives of reasoning due to the elements of rhetoric tools underlying the statements.Socrates suggests that the ability to adapt arguments to various types of people is central to a true art or techne of rhetoric. The speaker must discover the kind of speech that matches each type of nature .Picking up another theme in Platos dialogues, the Stoics jump the idea that virtue is a kind of techn or craft of life, one that is based on an understanding of the universe.Thrasymachus belong to Sophist school of thought who explained that an action mechanism is taken from the view of being advantageous or disadvantageous rather than being right or wrong. This means that morality and law was a unobjective issue to the rich who believed in getting away with illegal and immoral actions on the basis of the advantage aspect of the outcome.Thrasymachus argues that the right thing is to act cheating(prenominal)ly or immorally, because one should always act in ones own self-interest. He asserts that that law and morality are nothing but mere convention, and that one ought to deal injustice whenever such action would be to ones advantage.Thrasymachus seeks to be convinced by Socrates on the reason as to why being unjust and immoral is not the right thing if one is to achieve the best in the society. He expressly criticizes the stand of Socrates concerning the truth on justice and its fruits. In essence, the act of immorality gives some group of people a competitive edge over t he poor and they consider

The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire and How It Mirrors the United Essay

The Rise and Fall of the Roman pudding stone and How It Mirrors the United States - Essay physical exerciseImportantly, the rise of both Roman and American imperiums follow almost same trajectory of consolidation of pockets of power to large scale annexation through combine constitutional, economic and military assaults. The American quagmire in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the growing fallacies of the American empire gives a sense that its doom besides would follow the Roman course. The suggest of the paper is to give a glimpse at the rise and fall of Roman empire and see the parallels with the case of the America empire, by examining some of the organic features of both the political formations in a brief and concise manner. The Making and the Unmaking of the Empires From the antediluvian patriarch period to the present time, world has seen the rise and fall of many empires. Roman, Greek, ancient Egypt, Persian, British, and American empires are a few to name. The timeline of these empires varies from each other. The chances of survival of an empire in ancient times were to a greater extent than the modern ones. However, a country has more chances to survive than an empire. Decline or fall of an empire is inevitable and only depended upon on time whereas a country can survive for longer period. When a country goes for territorial expansion and succeeds in it, the country then transforms itself into an empire. After acquiring a status of an empire, the nation precipitates the unavoidable decline and fall of the empire. This is the staple fiber but generalized story both the Roman empire and the American empire tell to us. The fall of empire reflects the decaying of the society. After the disintegration of an empire, the society experiences too much hardships and the life of the people become miserable. Experiences of fall of the Roman, ancient Egyptian empire show that the lives of the citizens later were never as good as it was during empires height. p resently itself, we can sense that America citizens hardships are growing day after day and it certainly sheds light into the weakening core of the American empire. Roman Empire lasted around one thousand years whereas American empire started stumbling only after two hundred and twenty years. There are certain parallels between fall of Roman Empire and the contemporary scenario in the United States. Romans started up with a republic, later transformed it into an Empire. The twentieth century saw America metamorphosing from a nation into an empire. It is very interesting to see that how these two most sophisticated republics of their times ended up as being vicious empires Importantly, cold fight with the former Soviet Union and the subsequent triumph of an American new global order have many parallels between the Romans eternal tension with the Carthage. aforesaid(prenominal) as in the case of American empire, the Roman empire was also fully constituted only with the complete disi ntegration of Carthage. America too became an empire with truly global capabilities only after the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991. It is important to remember that the Roman Republic was an unabashed plutocracy the citizen-body was carefully grade according to stringent property qualifications. In turn, this classification regulated voting rights all adult male citizens were enfranchised, but a system of electoral colleges guaranteed that the rich, if united, would endlessly be able to out-vote the poor. In addition, the heavy costs of electioneering and office-holding ensured that all who were most prominent in government were

Human Resources Cross Cultural Differences and Leadership with respect Essay

Human Resources Cross Cultural Differences and Leadership with respect to Motivation - Essay ExampleThe study merely endorsed prevailing scholarly position by the remarkable success stories of the case studies. So the present study concludes that training in cultural diversity kitty be incorporated in the development of global managerial skills.The face of workforce in the globalized setting is divergent. This can be argona for date or an opportunity for growth. Society today is a global ambiance where national refinings inevitably mingle in concert. The world of technological innovation, multinational organizations, multinational trade, and diplomatic conflict resolution creates a necessity for nations to come into contact with each other, to learn, work, and create together, as well as to exchange ideas and resources (human resources included). Organizations function because of people gathered together around a common goal. However, before an organization is formed, people bel ong to other settings and perform other roles that precede their organizational roles. Various disciplines differentiate culture based on numerous criteria born by the different scientific worldviews they hold. (Dimitrov 2005, p. 22) One definition of culture states that, Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of unrivalled group or category of people from a nonher (Hofstede, 1997, p. 5). Adler (1997) defined culture as the complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, capabilities and habits acquired by a man as a member of society (p.14). This makes it a challenge for the global manager to motivate their employees from different cultural back rounds. Basically, ever since Psychology became an independent branch of enquiry, pauperism came under the microscope of scientists and can be viewed as the willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy individu al needs. (Dimitrov 2005, p.38). However, the study of penury in the cultural context is new, early theories form a good beginning. People are by nature ethnocentric and believe that the way things are done in their culture is the best way (Mendenhall, Punnett, & Ricks, 1995). Therefore this literature review focuses on the theory of motivation concerning the two topics cross-cultural differences and leadership from an international perspective.Purpose and Scope of the study General perception of the academia in the available literature across the world is in favour of the advantage of absorption of cultural diversity as tool for the global managers. In order to ascertain the veracity of this position after identifying the key theoretical foundation establishing the force of cultural diversity, an investigation was undertaken of five cases to find out whether cultural diversity really helped them to progress or some other factors were behind their success. The companies examined were IBM, McDonald, IKEA and Reebok. UAE, though not a company, as a unique case of cultural diversity was also studied. In all the case studies the advanatage

International Law Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Inter depicted object righteousness - Article ExampleDevelopment with its unfathomable vaults and bounds has always been lie towards the amalgamation of men and women in the pursuit of common accepted objectives. Law is apparently an aspect that binds the members of the community jointly in their observance to approved standards and customaries. Law is tolerant or laissez faire in that it allows persons to establish their own legal relations with rights and duties, as in the creation of contracts, and compels as it castigates those who would want to contravene its directives. Law comprises of a sequence of rules modifiable performance, and shimmering, to some extent, the ideas as well as obsessions of the community within which it purposes. The guiding ethical standards that define worldwide law are national states and not individual citizens. There exits many disparities flanking the law within a country as well as the law that functions beyond the precincts and between national ities, world-wide originations as well as in particular cases, persons. International law is clustered into variance of laws. The former is more concern with those cases, inside a stern legal configuration, in which foreign elements obtrude, raising queries as to the functionalities of alien law or the position of overseas, Rodriguez-Orellana, Manuel (1994).For instance, supposing two English make a contract in France to sell goods that are in Paris, an English court employs French edict as regards the legitimacy of that indenture. By distinction, public international law is not simply an adjunct of a lawful order, instead a separate structure jointly. Unrestricted international decree covers between nationalities in all their innumerable forms, from combats to satellites and controls the functionalities of the numerous international edifices. These laws can be widespread or wide-ranging, in which cases the stipulated rules bind all the states or regional, whereby a group of state s associated demographically or philosophically may do special rules applying to them for instance, the performance of diplomatic sanctuary that has urbanized to its furthermost extent in Latin America. The policies of transnational edict must be differentiated from what is cognise as international comity, or traditions such as addressing the flags of foreign warships at sea, which are exclusively employed through civility and are not discover as lawfully obligatory. Correspondingly, the inaccuracy of bewildering international edict with transnational integrity must be precluded. Although thy may convene at various summits, the previous restraint is a permissible one both as regards its content and its form, while the impression of transnational morality is a division of moral code. The implicit here is that international edict can not be alienated from its principles Harhoff Frederik (1994).Law and politics in the world communityThe first question to be fronted should be the pe rmissible eminence of the transnational edict. Each divide of the transnational argument will probably claim legal justification for its actions and within the international configuration thither is no disconnect body that has the ability to resolve the issue and grant a concluding verdict. Practically, everyone that starts reading about transnational edict does so having elegant or acquired about the principled features of regular or conjugal law. Such recognizing smudges incorporate the existence of a recognized body to legislate or make

Religious Perspectives in Nation Building Essay

Religious Perspectives in Nation Building - Essay ExampleBenjamin Franklin is considered as one of the founding fathers of the United States of America. He is credited as foundational to the roots of American values and character, which combines the practical and democratic Puritan values of thrift, hard work, education, corporation spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment (Isaacson p. 491). Thomas Jefferson is the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and became the terce president of the United States in 1801. He is considered as one of the most potent founding fathers with his espousing the ideals of republicanism (Wiki).William Bradford was already committed to the radical idea of the separatist driving since the age of 17 (Kelso). The one side the Reformers laboured to suck ye right worship of God & discipline of Christ established in ye ch urch, according to ye simplicitie of ye gospell, without the concoction of mens inventions, and to have & to be ruled by ye laws of Gods word, dispensed in those offices, & by those officers of Pastors, Teachers, & Elders, &c. according to ye Scripturs. The other partie the Church of England, though under many colours & pretences, endevored to have ye episcopall dignitie (affter ye popish maner) with their large power & jurisdiction still retained with all those courts, cannons, & ceremonies, togeather with all such livings, revenues, & subordinate officers, with other such means as in one case upheld their antichristian greatnes, and enabled them with lordly & tyranous power to persecute ye poore servants of God (Bradford). John Carver, a deacon of the separatist congregation and one of the prime organizers of the Mayflower voyage was very influential in Bradfords religious beliefs. Bradford also succeeded Carver as the governor of the Plymouth colony when the latter died (Kelso) .Benjamin Franklin was an important conservative figure in the American counter movement, which sought to renew the entire Christian church based on the New Testament and disregarding the creeds of Catholicism, Orthodoxy, or Reformed Protestantism, which allegedly divided Christianity (Wiki). I never doubted, for instance, the existence of the Deity that he made the world, and governd it by his Providence that the most acceptable service of God was the doing good to man that our souls are deific and that all crime will be punished, and virtue rewarded, either here or hereafter. These I esteemd the essentials of every religion and, being to be found in all the religions we had in our country, I respected them all, tho with different degrees of respect, as I found them more or less mixd with other articles, which, without any tendency to inspire, promote, or confirm morality, servd principally to divide us, and make us unfriendly to one another (Franklin). Samuel Rogers, noted Resto ration movement preacher and elder moved to the friendship of the Franklin family and became influential in Benjamin Franklins religious perspectives. Franklin, himself began preaching after Rogers arrival, as well as began publishing religious publications such as the Reformer, Christian years and

Project Management Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Project Management - Research Proposal ExampleThroughout literature, there seems to be a two-sided wave of discussion on the core forms of risk associated with the cover and gas industry. These are what may be referred to as historical risk factors and complex modern risk factors (Geman, 2005). Parigi and Guiso (1999) noned that the oil and gas industry has for long suffered from historical risk factors that have always seemed to be available, no matter the area of investment funds in the industry. Some of the specific historical risk factors are named to include commodity price volatility, geopolitics, cost risk, demand and supply risk, and political risk. In the estimation of Grenadier (2002) however, even though these historical risk factors cannot be pushed under the carpet, the industry continues to experience so much complexity that expands its risks beyond those mentioned earlier. In the light of this, the industry is said to be faced with complex modern risk factors which are directly focused on macroeconomic influences (Hansen, 1982). With this said, the industry can be said to be harboring a form of increasing proclivity of mega-projects at the national levels which account for a leveraged economies of scale, which have pushed for the existence of macroeconomic influences.There are a number investment appraisal and risk management techniques used in the oil and gas industry today. This section of the review gives an overview of these techniques, when they are considered right for application, and the limitation that comes with each. The first technique is the accounting rate of return (ARR). Williams (2002) noted that this technique is appropriate in determining the profit an investor requires from an investment as against the amount invested. Its limitation however is that it is not considered suitable when dealing with competing projects as competing projects may have same rate of return but different net present value (Parigi and Guiso, 1999). There is withal the use of payback

Anthropology 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anthropology 11 - Essay ExampleHe illustrates his stand with the examples of the theories surrounding the development of man by starting with the rather shocking system that we all as manhood originate from the continent of AfricaThis topic is very important to biological and physical anthropology because it informs why we be all so different racially and genetically and seeks to explain with the help of many theories whether Darwins theory is actually right in saying that as mankind we have only recently evolved from apes. He compares the originate in Africa thesis with the out of Africa thesis where he is trying to explain the origin of our genetics and evolution.The author uses the technique of taking up many hypotheses and theories and assessing their truth and in the end he gives his verdict in the favour of the theory given by Darwin, the Out of Africa hypothesis. This theory maintains that modern valet de chambre evolved in Africa and past spread around the world. Boil ed down to its essence, the hypothesis states that modern humans are both relatively recent (100,000 to 200,000 years old) and African in origin. A major prediction of this hypothesis is that the earliest remains of modern humans will be found in Africa, dated to an appropriate time period.The author goes on to discuss the Multiregional hypothesis which he argues depicts that we as modern humans evolved from different locations and hence our racial and genetic differences. According to this school of thought these regional populations evolved along parallel paths and reached modernity at roughly the same time. Because the populations were more often than not isolated from one another, they developed distinctive regional features, which people recognize today as racial differences. ( Multiregionalists believe that Neandertals, originate from the European continent.)He then goes on to say how there are three different recent researches go in the favour of the Darwinian view and oppo se the Multiregionalists view which he addresses one by one asThe east african population has been found to be so diverse that the genetic composition of the population shows that these lineages are very diverse andhumans did evolve from these areas.Most of the worlds oldest lineages were found there d 170,000 years ago.Secondly because of the discovery of the African Herto skullsthe Herto specimens (are) the earliest modern Homo sapiens yet found-direct ancestors of people living today.He concludes that the Neandertals DNA was not closer to that of the modern Europeans. The work was a strong blow to the theory that humans evolved in several places simultaneously. Neandertals cannot represent a regional European transition from Homo erectus to modern Homo sapiens4. Did the author address any contrary designate or the opinions/work of others that run counter the author(s) claims Although he devotes his entire discussion to proving the multiregionalists wrong he does refer to the pos sibility of mtDNA contamination from researchers or others who have handled the fossils just now he is quick to provide evidence to suggest otherwise. He does give the multiregional theory its fair share of discussion though..5. What were the strengths and/or weaknesses of the author(s) argument

Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal Law - Essay ExampleIt was held that in determining whether or non the defendant lost his/her self-control, the board may consider that are not confined to the defendants age and gender.6 Therefore Douglas, having just returned from a long road trip and having base his young wife in bed with his neighbour may be mitigating factors. Douglas appears to drive been in total control however. He went to a pub which efficiency indicate that the incident did not provoke him to such an extent that he lost control and acted in the heat of passion. However, by virtue of prick 54(2) of the 2009 the passing play of self-control element does not have to be sudden.7 Therefore the fact that Douglas went to a pub after finding his wife in bed with the neighbour prior to stabbing the neighbour will not be a factor in his defence of excitation. The most significant problem for Douglas is proving that the stabbing was not an act of revenge. According to Section 54(4), Section 54(1) wil l not apply if D acted in a considered desire for revenge.8 However, since the 2009 Act fails to define what is a considered desire for revenge this part of the provocation defence is difficult to assess at this time. It may be that Douglas intoxication may act as picture that he was not acting in revenge since the word considered tends to suggest that some thought and preparation preceded the act. The ultimate test for Douglas is provided for under Section 55 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. Section 55 provides that the qualifying trigger is satisfied if things that were said and/or done were of an extremely grave character and caused D to have a justifiable sense of being seriously wronged.9 In this regard, having returned home from a long road trip and finding his young wife in bed with the neighbour may be considered conduct of a seriously grave character to justify a sense of being seriously wronged. Unfortunately, Section 55(c) will deprive Douglas of this defence becaus e, infidelity is not a qualifying trigger. 10 Douglas will therefore not be able to use the provocation defence by virtue of Section 54 of the 2009 Act. The defence of intoxication relies on distinguishing between being drunk and intoxicated. For instance an individual may be drunk when he/she commits a criminal act that he/she would not otherwise commit in a sober state. However, the defence of intoxication is not available if the mens rea for the offence charged was formed while the defendant was drunk.11 As the coquet cautioned in Sheehan, a drunken intent is nevertheless an intent.12 The court went on to state that The jury should merely be instructed to have regard to all the evidence, including that relating to drink, to draw such inferences as they think proper from the evidence, and on that can to ask themselves whether they feel sure that at the material time the defendant had the requisite intent.13 This ruling is very important to Douglass defence of intoxication. This means that the jury is entitled to take into consideration the facts and circumstances occurring prior to Douglas